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In this policy brief, Dr. Emily Laidlaw, PhD explores the complicated status of the rights to freedom of thought, belief and opinion in Canadian law, writing that the legal uncertainty in this area creates a hurdle to making any use of them in practice. The primary interferences with these rights are from private actors, and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms only directly applies to governmental action. Arguably, freedom of thought, belief and opinion are not only “forgotten freedoms” but empty ones in Canada. She contributes a step-by-step analysis of the legal chokepoints that must be untangled to breathe life into these rights and recommends all levels of government implement these freedoms through renewed focus on law and policy reform in the areas of privacy, artificial intelligence and online safety.