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The student must present an approved list of courses completed with passing grades. This list, referred to as the program, must satisfy the following conditions:

A. (a) The program must contain the equivalent of at least 120 units, with at least 72 units numbered 300 or above.

(b) The GPA for the program must be at least 2.00 and the GPA for courses in the major field must also be at least 2.00.

(c) The program may not contain more than 18 units "D" or "D+" grades, or more than 6 units in the field with a "D" or "D+" grade.

B. (a) The program may not contain more than 60 units credits transferred from other institutions.

(b) A maximum of 24 units transfer credits are allowed in the field.

C. The program must contain:

(a) At least 54 units from outside the major field, of which at least 18 units must be from outside the Faculty of Science. Of these 18 units, students must take at least 6 units from the Faculty of Arts. Environmental Science 503 may be counted among the 18 units from other faculties. A list of recommended courses is available at .

(b) Environmental Science 401, 501, 502, 503

(c) Biology 241, 243, 313

(d) Ecology 417 or 419

(e) Specific Science and Arts courses, depending on the area of concentration chosen by the student.

The entire 120 units, including the courses in Science and Arts specific to each concentration, are as follows:

Concentration in Biological Sciences

21 units - Biology 241, 243, 311, 313, 315, 331, 371

3 units - Biochemistry 393

6 units - Options from the Field of Biological Sciences¹

3 units - Ecology 417 or 419

3 units - Ecology 425

6 units - Chemistry 201 or 211 and 203 or 213

15 units - Chemistry 311, 315, 351, 353 and one of 321 or 515

6 units - Mathematics 249 or 265 or 275; and Mathematics 211 or 213 or 267 or 277

6 units - Physics 211 or 221 and 223; or Geology 201 and 202 or 203

3 units - Geography 308

3 units - Geography 408

15 units - Environmental Science 401, 501, 502, 503

9 units - Options from faculties other than the Faculty of Science, as noted in 4.6.2.1C (a)¹

6 units - Options from the Faculty of Arts¹

15 units - Options^1,2

¹See for a list of recommended courses.

²Environmental Science 201 is highly recommended to be completed as an option in the program.

Concentration in Chemistry

9 units - Biology 241, 243, 313

3 units - Ecology 417 or 419

6 units - Chemistry 201 or 211 and 203 or 213

33 units - Chemistry 311, 315, 321, 351, 353, 371, 431, 515; 423 or 425; 433 or 373; 521 or 541

3 units - Option from the Field of Chemistry

3 units - Statistics 327 or Biology 315

3 units - Geology 201

6 units - Mathematics 249 or 265 or 275; and Mathematics 267 or 277

9 units - Physics 211 or 221; and 223 and 323

15 units - Environmental Science 401, 501, 502, 503

9 units - Options from faculties other than the Faculty of Science, as noted in 4.6.2.1C (a)¹

6 units - Options from the Faculty of Arts¹

15 units - Options^1,2

¹See for a list of recommended courses.

²Environmental Science 201 is highly recommended to be completed as an option in the program.

Concentration in Geography and Arts

9 units - Biology 241, 243, 313

3 units - Ecology 417 or 419

6 units - Chemistry 203 and 321

12 units - Geography 308, 310, 408, and 412

6 units - Geography 500 or 502 or 503 or 504 or 506 or 510

9 units - Geography 380; and 482 or 484; and 567 or 584 or 586

6 units - Geography 324; and 426 or 530 or 532 or 538

9 units - Geography 352; 483; and 454 or 458

3 units - Statistics 327 or Biology 315

6 units - Economics 201 and 377

6 units - Mathematics 249 or 265 or 275; and Mathematics 211 or 213 or 267 or 277

15 units - Environmental Science 401, 501, 502, 503

3 units - Anthropology 203 or Sociology 201

3 units - Anthropology 313 or 355 or 395 or Environmental Science 201 or Indigenous Studies 201 or 317 or Sociology 307²

6 units - Options from the Faculty of Arts¹

18 units - Options^1,2

¹See for a list of recommended courses.

²Environmental Science 201 is highly recommended.

Concentration in Geology

9 units - Biology 241, 243, 313

3 units - Ecology 417 or 419

9 units - Chemistry 201 or 211; 203 or 213; and 321

39 units - Geology 201, 202 or 203, 313 or 423, 323, 333 or 311, 337, 341 or 343, 353 or 373, 381, 401, 475, 403 or 503, and 505

9 units - Mathematics 211 or 213; and 249 or 265 or 275; and 253 or 267 or 277

6 units - Physics 211 or 221, and 223

3 units - Statistics 327 or Biology 315

15 units - Environmental Science 401, 501, 502, 503

9 units - Options from faculties other than the Faculty of Science, as noted in 4.6.2.1C (a)¹

6 units - Options from Faculty of Arts¹

12 units - Options²

¹See for a list of recommended courses.

²Environmental Science 201 is highly recommended to be completed as an option in the program.

Concentration in Physics

9 units - Biology 241, 243, 313

3 units - Ecology 417 or 419

6 units - Chemistry 203 and 321

3 units - Geology 201

18 units - Mathematics 211 or 213; 275¹ or 281; 277¹ or 283; 375¹, 377¹, 311

36 units - One of four sequences of Physics courses:

Option I: Physics 227, 355, 229, 341, 343, 397, 443, 449, 455, 561, 663 and one of Physics 375, 457, 497, 501², 507, 509, 543, or 593 or 599

Option II: Physics 223, 227, 323, 229, 341, 343, 397, 443, 449, 455, 561 and one of Physics 375, 457, 497, 501², 507, 509, 543, 593, 599 or 663

Option III: Physics 211 or 221, 355, 321, 229, 341, 343, 397, 443, 449, 455, 561 and one of 375, 457, 497, 501², 507, 509, 543, 593, 599 or 663

Option IV: Physics 211 or 221, 223, 321, 323, 229, 341, 343, 443, 449, 455, 561 and one of 375, 457, 501², 507, 509, 543, 593, 599 or 663

3 units - Statistics 327 or Biology 315

15 units - Environmental Science 401, 501, 502, 503

9 units - Options from faculties other than the Faculty of Science, as noted in 4.6.2.1C (a).

6 units - Options from Faculty of Arts³

12 units - Options⁴

¹The sequence Mathematics 249 or 265, 267, 367 plus Mathematics 311 can be used in place of Mathematics 275, 277, 375, 377 but is not recommended. Mathematics 267 plus 177 can be used in place of Mathematics 277.

²Physics 501 requires Physics 457 as a prerequisite.

³See for a list of recommended courses.

⁴Environmental Science 201 is highly recommended to be completed as an option in the program.

Concentration in Statistics

9 units - Biology 241, 243, 313

3 units - Ecology 417 or 419

6 units - Chemistry 203 and 321

3 units - Geology 201

6 units - Physics 211 or 221 and 223

12 units - Mathematics 211 or 213; and 249 or 265 or 275; and 267 or 277; and 367

15 units - Statistics 321, 323, 421, 429, 517

3 units - Statistics 327 or Biology 315

12 units - Four of Statistics 423, 425, 505, 407 or 507, 519, 523, 525, 531

3 units - Computer Science 217 or Data Science 211

15 units - Environmental Science 401, 501, 502, 503

9 units - Options from faculties other than the Faculty of Science, as noted in 4.6.2.1C (a).

6 units - Options from the Faculty of Arts¹

18 units - Options²

¹See for a list of recommended courses.

²Environmental Science 201 is highly recommended to be completed as an option in the program.

The GPA requirements for the Honours program are specified in the Faculty of Science section of this Calendar in 3.4C Program Requirements, Honours Program. The course requirements are the same as for the Major programs except students must have a minimum of 54 units in their field and include one of Environmental Science 504 or 505 in their program, preferably in their final year of study. Students in an honours program may have a maximum of 78 units in their major field.

Biological Sciences

¹Field course typically offered in the last two weeks before the beginning of the regular Fall Term.

²At least one of Ecology 417 or 419 must be completed.

³Environmental Science 201 is highly recommended.

Chemistry

¹Field course typically offered in the last two weeks before the beginning of the regular Fall Term.

²At least one of Ecology 417 or 419 must be completed.

³Environmental Science 201 is highly recommended.

Geography and Arts

¹Field course typically offered in the last two weeks before the beginning of the regular Fall Term.

²At least one of Ecology 417 or 419 must be completed.

³Environmental Science 201 is highly recommended.

Geology

¹Chemistry 201 and 203 are offered in both Fall and Winter Terms and may be taken in any order. Chemistry 211 and 213 are recommended for students majoring in Chemistry and other students with strong backgrounds in chemistry. Chemistry 211 is a prerequisite to Chemistry 213.

²Field course typically offered in the last two weeks before the beginning of the regular Fall Term.

³Environmental Science 401 and Geology 337 are field schools that run prior to the Fall Term. Geology 337 is offered with dates throughout the month of August. Students will need to carefully select a section of Geology 337 that is compatible with their section of Environmental Science 401.

⁴Students taking a field school course(s) in a term are permitted to register in additional units during that term to a maximum of 30 units during the regular term.

⁵At least one of Ecology 417 or 419 must be completed.

Physics

¹Students who achieve a grade of "A-" or better in Physics 211 or 221 may use either of these courses in place of Physics 227.

²Field course typically offered in the last two weeks before the beginning of the regular Fall Term.

³At least one of Ecology 417 or 419 must be completed.

⁴Environmental Science 201 is highly recommended.

Statistics

¹Field course typically offered in the last two weeks before the beginning of the regular Fall Term.

²At least one of Ecology 417 or 419 must be completed.

³Environmental Science 201 is highly recommended.